Abstract: Modern simulators of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) employ either frequency-domain or time-domain approaches for system-level modeling of PICs. We critically examine limitations of both approaches that obstruct their usage for simulations of large-scale PICs, and suggest an efficient hybrid alternative. Within this new approach clusters of connected linear PIC elements are modeled in frequency domain, while interconnections between such clusters and non-passive PIC elements are modeled in time domain.

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